Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt (2026)

| Feature | Marasmus | Kwashiorkor | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Calories + Protein | Primarily Protein | | Age Group | Infants (< 1 year) | Toddlers (1–3 years) | | Body Weight | < 60% of expected | 60–80% of expected | | Edema | Absent | Present (Key sign) | | Subcutaneous Fat | Severely depleted | Preserved (often masked by edema) | | Mental State | Alert/Hungry | Apathetic/Anorexic | | Appearance | "Little old man" | "Moon face" |

This is the most common form of PEM in developing countries and is prevalent in children younger than those affected by kwashiorkor. Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt

Protein energy malnutrition among children | PPT - Slideshare | Feature | Marasmus | Kwashiorkor | |

🚩 Feeding must be introduced slowly to avoid Refeeding Syndrome . When the body is deprived of energy and

| Feature | Marasmus | Kwashiorkor | |---------|----------|--------------| | Edema | No | Yes (bilateral) | | Weight loss | Severe | Moderate | | Skin changes | Rare | Common | | Appetite | Good | Poor | | Serum albumin | Normal/low-normal | Very low | | Prognosis | Better | Worse (higher mortality) |

Kwashiorkor is primarily caused by a severe deficiency of dietary protein relative to energy intake, often triggered by oxidative stress or acute infection.

When the body is deprived of energy and protein, it undergoes a series of metabolic adaptations to preserve vital organ functions: